{"id":1301,"date":"2011-03-31T10:33:19","date_gmt":"2011-03-31T14:33:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=1301"},"modified":"2011-03-31T10:33:19","modified_gmt":"2011-03-31T14:33:19","slug":"get-file-hash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/scripting\/1301\/get-file-hash\/","title":{"rendered":"Get File Hash"},"content":{"rendered":"

The other day I had the need to calculate MD5 file hashes in order to compare files. The PowerShell Community Extensions has a nifty cmdlet, Get-Hash, that does exactly that. Unfortunately, sometimes even free tools like this aren't an option, as in the case of my client. Or they don't go far enough. So with a little work I wrote my own function to compute a file hash using either MD5, SHA1, or SHA256.<\/p>\n

My function, Get-FileHash, takes file names as input and writes a custom object to the pipeline.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\nPS E:\\temp> get-filehash winlogon.xml<\/p>\n

Date : 3\/31\/2011 10:04:46 AM
\nFullName : E:\\temp\\winlogon.xml
\nFileHash : 817511618E6ECCF41DC3CA93B5677EDE
\nHashType : MD5
\nFilename : winlogon.xml
\nSize : 17700
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

The Date property is not the file date but the date of the hash. I can even audit entire folders and use the data later.
\n[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\nC:\\work> dir c:\\scripts\\*.ps* | Get-FileHash | Export-CLIXml PSScriptHashes.xml
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

Here's the function minus the comment based help, which I generated by the way with New-CommentHelp.
\n<\/a>
\n[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\nFunction Get-FileHash {<\/p>\n

[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$True,ConfirmImpact=\"Low\")]<\/p>\n

Param (
\n [Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$True,HelpMessage=\"Enter file name and path.\",
\n ValueFromPipeline=$True,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]
\n [ValidateNotNullorEmpty()]
\n [Alias(\"name\",\"file\",\"path\")]
\n [string[]]$PSPath,
\n [Parameter(Position=1,Mandatory=$False)]
\n [Alias(\"hash\")]
\n [ValidateSet(\"MD5\",\"SHA1\",\"SHA256\")]
\n [string]$Type = \"MD5\",
\n [switch]$Force
\n)<\/p>\n

Begin
\n{
\n #what time are we starting?
\n $cmdStart=Get-Date
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Starting $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"<\/p>\n

if ($force)
\n {
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Using -Force to find hidden files\"
\n }
\n #create the hash provider
\n Switch ($Type) {
\n \"sha1\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n \"sha256\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n \"md5\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n }
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Calculating $type hash\"
\n} #begin<\/p>\n

Process
\n{
\n Foreach ($name in $PSPath) {
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Verifying $name\"<\/p>\n

#verify file exists
\n if (Test-Path -Path $name)
\n {
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Path verified\"<\/p>\n

Try
\n {
\n #get the file item
\n if ($force)
\n {
\n $file=Get-Item -Path $name -force -ErrorAction \"Stop\"
\n }
\n else
\n {
\n $file=Get-Item -Path $name -ErrorAction \"Stop\"
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n

Catch
\n {
\n Write-Warning \"Cannot get item $name. Verify it is not a hidden file (did you use -Force?) and that you have correct permissions.\"
\n }<\/p>\n

#only process if we were able to get the item
\n if ($file)
\n {
\n #only process if file size is greater than 0
\n #this will also fail if the object is not from the
\n #filesystem provider
\n if ($file.length -gt 0)
\n {
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Opening file stream\"
\n if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($file.fullname))
\n {
\n Try
\n {
\n $inStream = $file.OpenRead()
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Computing hash\"
\n $start=Get-Date
\n $hashBytes = $provider.ComputeHash($inStream)
\n $end=Get-Date
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) hash computed in $(($end-$start).ToString())\"
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Closing file stream\"
\n $inStream.Close() | Out-Null<\/p>\n

#define a hash string variable
\n $hashString=\"\"
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) hashing file bytes\"<\/p>\n

foreach ($byte in $hashBytes)
\n {
\n #calculate the hash
\n $hashString+=$byte.ToString(\"X2\")
\n }<\/p>\n

#write the hash object to the pipeline
\n New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
\n Filename=$file.name
\n FullName=$file.Fullname
\n FileHash=$hashString
\n HashType=$Type
\n Size=$file.length
\n Date=Get-Date
\n }
\n } #try
\n Catch
\n {
\n Write-Warning \"Failed to get file contents for $($file.name).\"
\n Write-Warning $_.Exception.Message
\n }
\n } #should process
\n } #if $file.length
\n else
\n {
\n Write-Warning \"$(Get-Date) File size for $name is 0 or is not from the filesystem provider.\"
\n }
\n }#if $file
\n } #if Test-Path
\n else
\n {
\n Write-Warning \"$(Get-Date) Failed to find $name.\"
\n }<\/p>\n

} #foreach $file<\/p>\n

} #process<\/p>\n

End
\n{
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Ending $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"
\n #what time did we finish?
\n $cmdEnd=Get-Date
\n Write-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Total processing time $(($cmdEnd-$cmdStart).ToString())\"
\n}<\/p>\n

} #end function
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

The function takes file names as a parameter. You can also specify the hash algorithm. The default is MD5. If you will be calculating hash signatures for hidden items you will need to use -Force. Although I'm not changing the file, I included -WhatIf support because calculating a hash for a 30GB VHD takes some time and I often just wanted to test the rest of the function.<\/p>\n

Much of the function is comprised of error handling and testing. For example if the item is not in the filesystem or has a 0 size, there is nothing to calculate so I check for those things. Same thing goes for permissions. You must have READ permission otherwise there's no way to calculate a hash. If you don't, then an exception is caught.<\/p>\n

The core functionality is derived from creating an appropriate crypto provider.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\nSwitch ($Type) {
\n \"sha1\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n \"sha256\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n \"md5\" {
\n $provider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider
\n }
\n }
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

Once I've confirmed the file, it's contents are read as a stream and the provider computes a hash.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n$inStream = $file.OpenRead()
\nWrite-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Computing hash\"
\n$start=Get-Date
\n$hashBytes = $provider.ComputeHash($inStream)
\n$end=Get-Date
\nWrite-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) hash computed in $(($end-$start).ToString())\"
\nWrite-Verbose \"$(Get-Date) Closing file stream\"
\n$inStream.Close() | Out-Null
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

This is where disk speed really comes into play. It took over a minute to calculate a hash for a 3GB file on an external USB drive and 17 seconds on an SSD. In any event, the hash is collection of bytes which is converted into a friendly string format.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n foreach ($byte in $hashBytes) {
\n #calculate the hash
\n $hashString+=$byte.ToString(\"X2\")
\n }
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

At this point all that remains is to create a custom object with the information I want.
\n[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n#write the hash object to the pipeline
\nNew-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{
\nFilename=$file.name
\nFullName=$file.Fullname
\nFileHash=$hashString
\nHashType=$Type
\nSize=$file.length
\nDate=Get-Date
\n}
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

I hope you'll let me know what works, and doesn't. I'm also open to enhancement suggestions.<\/p>\n

Download Get-FileHash<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The other day I had the need to calculate MD5 file hashes in order to compare files. The PowerShell Community Extensions has a nifty cmdlet, Get-Hash, that does exactly that. Unfortunately, sometimes even free tools like this aren’t an option, as in the case of my client. Or they don’t go far enough. So with…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[75,8],"tags":[273,32,190,534,540],"class_list":["post-1301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-powershell-v2-0","category-scripting","tag-cryptography","tag-functions","tag-new-object","tag-powershell","tag-scripting"],"yoast_head":"\nGet File Hash • The Lonely Administrator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/scripting\/1301\/get-file-hash\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Get File Hash • The Lonely Administrator\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The other day I had the need to calculate MD5 file hashes in order to compare files. 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