{"id":1667,"date":"2011-10-03T15:41:26","date_gmt":"2011-10-03T19:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=1667"},"modified":"2011-10-03T15:41:26","modified_gmt":"2011-10-03T19:41:26","slug":"compress-files-by-extension","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/1667\/compress-files-by-extension\/","title":{"rendered":"Compress Files By Extension"},"content":{"rendered":"

I never seem to build my test virtual machines with enough disk space. Which means at some point I start dealing with space issues and resort to all sorts of hacks to buy myself a little time. One thing I do is look for files that I can compact using NTFS compression. For examples text files and most Office files compress pretty well. Thus the challenge is to find those files and compress them.<\/p>\n

The WMI CIM_DATAFILE class has a Compress() method (as well as Uncompress()). So all I have to do is construct a query to find the appropriate files and then invoke the Compress() method for each result. I have found in the past that when querying CIM_DATAFILE to be as specific as possible, taking special care to filter on the drive. The resulting query can get a tad complicated.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerSHell\"]
\nSelect * from CIM_DATAFILE where Drive='c:' AND Path Like '%\\\\work\\\\%'AND Compressed='FALSE' AND FileSize >= 4096 AND (Extension='txt' OR Extension='doc' OR Extension='xml')
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

This query will search for all TXT, DOC and XML files anywhere under C:\\Work that are over 4KB in size. I have found that compressing files smaller than 4KB is counter-productive. This query will take a while to run. It would make a nice background job.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\nget-wmiobject CIM_DATAFILE -filter \"Drive='c:' AND Path Like '%\\\\work\\\\%'AND Compressed='FALSE' AND FileSize >= 4096 AND (Extension='txt' OR Extension='doc' OR Extension='xml')\" -asjob
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

When the job is complete, the results can be piped to Invoke-WMIMethod. The benefit is that the cmdlet supports -Whatif.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n$files=receive-job 1 -keep
\n$files | invoke-wmimethod -name Compress -whatif
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

Because constructing the query is the most complicated part, I put together a script to do all the hard work for me.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n#requires -version 2.0<\/p>\n

[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$True)]<\/p>\n

Param (
\n[Parameter(Mandatory=$True,HelpMessage=\"Enter a file extension, without the period\")]
\n[ValidateNotNullorEmpty()]
\n[string[]]$Extension,
\n[ValidatePattern(\"^[a-zA-Z]:\")]
\n[string]$Path=\"c:\\\",
\n[ValidateScript({$_ -ge 4KB})]
\n[int]$Size=4KB,
\n[ValidateNotNullorEmpty()]
\n[string]$Computername=$env:computername,
\n[switch]$Uncompress
\n)<\/p>\n

Write-Verbose \"Starting $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"<\/p>\n

#get first two characters for drive
\n$Drive=$Path.Substring(0,2)<\/p>\n

Write-Verbose \"Connecting to drive $drive on $computername\"
\nWrite-Verbose \"Finding files >= than $size\"<\/p>\n

#build query
\n$extensions=$extension -as [string]
\n#parse the extensions and build a complex OR structure for each one
\n$extFilter=\"(Extension='{0}{1}\" -f ($extensions.replace(\" \",\"' OR Extension='\")),\"')\"<\/p>\n

if ($Uncompress) {
\n Write-Verbose \"Uncompressing files\"
\n $Compress=\"TRUE\"
\n}
\nelse {
\n $Compress=\"FALSE\"
\n}<\/p>\n

#split off the folder portion of the path, change \\ to \\\\
\n$folder=$Path.Split(\":\")[1].Replace(\"\\\",\"\\\\\")<\/p>\n

$filter=\"Drive='$Drive' AND Path Like '%$Folder\\\\%'AND Compressed='$Compress' AND FileSize >= $size AND $extFilter\"
\n#define a subset of properties to return in hopes of tweaking performance
\n$properties=\"Drive,Path,Compressed,FileSize,Extension,CSName,Name\"<\/p>\n

Write-Verbose \"Query = $filter\"<\/p>\n

Write-Progress -Activity \"Compress File Types\" -status \"Running filter $filter on $computername\" `
\n-currentoperation \"Searching $Path. Please wait...this may take several minutes...\"<\/p>\n

#capture time before the WMI Query
\n$start=Get-Date<\/p>\n

Try {
\n Write-Verbose \"Getting files from $Path\"
\n $files=Get-WmiObject -class CIM_DATAFILE -filter $filter -Property $properties -computername $computername -ErrorAction Stop
\n}
\nCatch {
\n Write-Error (\"Failed to run query on $computername. Exception: {0}\" -f $_.Exception.Message)
\n}<\/p>\n

$filecount=($files | measure-object).count
\nWrite-Verbose \"Found $filecount files\"<\/p>\n

#define some variables for Write-Progress
\nif ($Uncompress) {
\n $activity=\"Uncompress File Types\"
\n $status=\"Uncompressing\"
\n }
\nelse {
\n $activity=\"Compress File Types\"
\n $status=\"Compressing\"
\n}<\/p>\n

#only process if files were returned
\nif ($filecount -gt 0) {
\n #keep a running count of compressed files
\n $iCompressed=0
\n $iFailures=0
\n $i=0
\n Write-Verbose \"Processing files\"<\/p>\n

foreach ($file in $files) {
\n $i++
\n [int]$percent=($i\/$filecount)*100
\n Write-Verbose $file.name<\/p>\n

Write-Progress -Activity $activity -Status $status -currentoperation $file.name -percentComplete $percent
\n if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($file.name)) {
\n if ($Uncompress) {
\n $rc=$file.Uncompress()
\n }
\n else {
\n $rc=$file.Compress()
\n }
\n Switch ($rc.returnvalue) {
\n 0 { $Result=\"The request was successful\"
\n #increment the counter
\n $iCompressed++
\n #write the WMI file object to the pipeline
\n #for later processing
\n write $file | select @{Name=\"Computername\";Expression={$_.CSName}},
\n Name,FileSize,Extension <\/p>\n

Break
\n }<\/p>\n

2 { $Result=\"Access was denied.\" ; Break}
\n 8 { $Result=\"An unspecified failure occurred.\"; Break}
\n 9 { $Result=\"The name specified was invalid.\"; Break}
\n 10 { $Result=\"The object specified already exists.\"; Break}
\n 11 { $Result=\"The file system is not NTFS.\"; Break}
\n 12 { $Result=\"The operating system is not supported.\"; Break}
\n 13 { $Result=\"The drive is not the same.\"; Break}
\n 14 { $Result=\"The directory is not empty.\"; Break}
\n 15 { $Result=\"There has been a sharing violation.\" ; Break}
\n 16 { $Result=\"The start file specified was invalid.\"; Break}
\n 17 { $Result=\"A privilege required for the operation is not held.\"; Break}
\n 21 { $Result=\"A parameter specified is invalid.\"; Break}<\/p>\n

} #end Switch<\/p>\n

#display a warning message if there was a problem
\n if ($rc.returnvalue -ne 0) {
\n $msg=\"Error compressing: {0}. {1}\" -f $file.name,$Result
\n Write-Warning $msg
\n $iFailures++
\n }
\n Write-Verbose \"Result=$result\"
\n } #if should process
\n } #foreach<\/p>\n

#get the time after all files have been compressed\/uncompressed
\n $End=Get-Date
\n [string]$RunTime=($End=$Start)
\n Write-Verbose \"Presenting summary\"<\/p>\n

Write-Progress -Activity \"Compress File Types\" -status \"Finished\" -completed $True<\/p>\n

Write-Host \"`n$Status Summary\" -ForegroundColor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"**************************************\" -ForegroundColor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Computer : $computername\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"File types : $extensions\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Minimum Size : $size\" -ForegroundColor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Path : $path\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Total Files : $filecount\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Success : $iCompressed\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Failures : $iFailures\" -foregroundcolor CYAN
\n Write-Host \"Runtime : $Runtime\" -ForegroundColor CYAN<\/p>\n

}
\nelse {
\n Write-Warning \"No matching files ($extensions) found in $Path on $computername with a minimum size of $size.\"
\n}<\/p>\n

#end of script
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

The script takes an array of file extensions, without the periods and a path. The default is the entire C:\\ drive. Optionally, you can specify a remote computer.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"DOS\"]
\nPS C:\\> c:\\scripts\\compress-filetype \"txt,\",\"ps1\",\"log\" -path c:\\files -size 10kb -comp FILE01
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

The script parses the parameters into a WMI filter. The resulting files are processed one at at time and I invoke the Compress() method for each file. I could have used Invoke-WMIMethod, but I wrote my own -Whatif code because I want to do a number of things with each file if it is compressed such as keeping a running tally of successes and failure. Also note my use of the Switch construct to decode the result value. At the end of the script, a summary is written using Write-Host. The script's pipelined output is a subset of file information.<\/p>\n

[cc lang=\"PowerShell\"]
\n#write the WMI file object to the pipeline
\nwrite $file | select @{Name=\"Computername\";Expression={$_.CSName}},Name,FileSize,Extension
\n[\/cc]<\/p>\n

Even though this is a script and not a function, you can still take advantage of cmdletbinding so you get features like -Verbose and -Whatif.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The complete file includes comment based help. Download Compress-FileType<\/a> and let me know what you think.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I never seem to build my test virtual machines with enough disk space. Which means at some point I start dealing with space issues and resort to all sorts of hacks to buy myself a little time. One thing I do is look for files that I can compact using NTFS compression. For examples text…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,75,19],"tags":[324,534,323,547],"class_list":["post-1667","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-powershell","category-powershell-v2-0","category-wmi","tag-cim_datafile","tag-powershell","tag-scriptng","tag-wmi"],"yoast_head":"\nCompress Files By Extension • The Lonely Administrator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/1667\/compress-files-by-extension\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Compress Files By Extension • The Lonely Administrator\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I never seem to build my test virtual machines with enough disk space. 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