{"id":2740,"date":"2013-01-23T11:01:23","date_gmt":"2013-01-23T16:01:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=2740"},"modified":"2013-01-23T11:01:23","modified_gmt":"2013-01-23T16:01:23","slug":"join-powershell-hash-tables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/2740\/join-powershell-hash-tables\/","title":{"rendered":"Join PowerShell Hash Tables"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"handshake\"<\/a>I received a lot of feedback and interest in my ConvertTo-Hashtable<\/a> function. One question I received was \"Why?\" Well, one reason might be that you want to combine two objects into a single object. Joining them as two hashtables makes this an easier process. <\/p>\n

First off, combining two hashtables is as simple as adding them together.<\/p>\n


\nPS C:\\> $a=@{Name=\"Jeff\";Count=3;Color=\"Green\"}
\nPS C:\\> $b=@{Computer=\"HAL\";Enabled=$True;Year=2020}
\nPS C:\\> $a+$b<\/p>\n

Name Value
\n---- -----
\nName Jeff
\nColor Green
\nYear 2020
\nComputer HAL
\nCount 3
\nEnabled True
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

This works fine as long as there are no duplicate keys.<\/p>\n


\nPS C:\\> $b=@{Computer=\"HAL\";Enabled=$True;Year=2020;Color=\"Red\"}
\nPS C:\\> $a+$b
\n+ : Bad argument to operator '+': Item has already been added. Key in dictionary: 'Color' Key bein
\ng added: 'Color'.
\nAt line:1 char:4
\n+ $a+ <<<< $b\n + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [], RuntimeException\n + FullyQualifiedErrorId : BadOperatorArgument\n<\/code><\/p>\n

So as part of my continued fun with hashtables, I decided to put together a function to join hashtables and handle these key conflicts.<\/p>\n


\nFunction Join-Hashtable {<\/p>\n

#comment based help is here
\n[cmdletbinding()]
\nParam (
\n[hashtable]$First,
\n[hashtable]$Second,
\n[switch]$Force
\n)<\/p>\n

#create clones of hashtables so originals are not modified
\n$Primary = $First.Clone()
\n$Secondary = $Second.Clone()<\/p>\n

#check for any duplicate keys
\n$duplicates = $Primary.keys | where {$Secondary.ContainsKey($_)}
\nif ($duplicates) {
\n foreach ($item in $duplicates) {
\n if ($force) {
\n #force primary key, so remove secondary conflict
\n $Secondary.Remove($item)
\n }
\n else {
\n Write-Host \"Duplicate key $item\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n Write-Host \"A $($Primary.Item($item))\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n Write-host \"B $($Secondary.Item($item))\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n $r = Read-Host \"Which key do you want to KEEP [AB]?\"
\n if ($r -eq \"A\") {
\n $Secondary.Remove($item)
\n }
\n elseif ($r -eq \"B\") {
\n $Primary.Remove($item)
\n }
\n Else {
\n Write-Warning \"Aborting operation\"
\n Return
\n }
\n } #else prompt
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

#join the two hash tables
\n$Primary+$Secondary<\/p>\n

} #end Join-Hashtable
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

The function takes two hash tables and attempts to join them together. Because I might be removing duplicate keys, I didn't want to change the original hashtables so I first create clones.<\/p>\n


\n$Primary = $First.Clone()
\n$Secondary = $Second.Clone()
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

If I didn't, removing a key from $Primary would also remove it from the original hashtable. Next, I check to see if any of the keys from the first hashtable are also in the second hashtable.<\/p>\n


\n$duplicates = $Primary.keys | where {$Secondary.ContainsKey($_)}
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

If there are none, I simply add the two hashtables together and write the result to the pipeline. But if there are duplicates, and there could be more than one, the function will prompt you for which one to keep and then remove the item from the other hashtable.<\/p>\n


\n Write-Host \"Duplicate key $item\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n Write-Host \"A $($Primary.Item($item))\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n Write-host \"B $($Secondary.Item($item))\" -ForegroundColor Yellow
\n $r = Read-Host \"Which key do you want to KEEP [AB]?\"
\n if ($r -eq \"A\") {
\n $Secondary.Remove($item)
\n }
\n elseif ($r -eq \"B\") {
\n $Primary.Remove($item)
\n }
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

Once the duplicates are removed, I can go ahead and add the two together. But since I might not always want to be prompted, I added a -Force parameter which will keep any duplicates from the first hashtable without any prompting. So now, I can combine hashtables like this:<\/p>\n


\nPS C:\\> join-hashtable $a $b
\nDuplicate key Color
\nA Green
\nB Red
\nWhich key do you want to KEEP [AB]?: a<\/p>\n

Name Value
\n---- -----
\nName Jeff
\nColor Green
\nYear 2020
\nComputer HAL
\nCount 3
\nEnabled True
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

Or force the first hashtable.<\/p>\n


\nPS C:\\> join-hashtable $a $b -Force<\/p>\n

Name Value
\n---- -----
\nName Jeff
\nColor Green
\nYear 2020
\nComputer HAL
\nCount 3
\nEnabled True
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

But $a and $b are never modified. Now to combine things.<\/p>\n


\n$os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem |
\nSelect Caption,@{Name=\"computername\";Expression={$_.CSName}},
\nOSArchitecture,ServicePackMajorVersion | ConvertTo-HashTable<\/p>\n

$cs = Get-WmiObject win32_computersystem |
\nSelect Manufacturer,Model,TotalPhysicalMemory |
\nConvertTo-HashTable<\/p>\n

New-object -TypeName PSObject -Property (Join-Hashtable $os $cs)<\/p>\n

TotalPhysicalMemory : 8577851392
\nManufacturer : TOSHIBA
\ncomputername : SERENITY
\nOSArchitecture : 64-bit
\nModel : Qosmio X505
\nCaption : Microsoft Windows 8 Pro
\nServicePackMajorVersion : 0
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

I took two different WMI classes and created a single object. Yes, I realize there are any number of ways of accomplishing the same task. In this case I could have also simply run $os+$cs because I knew ahead of time there would be no conflicting keys. Here's a variation for PowerShell 3.0.<\/p>\n


\n$exclude = \"__*\",\"Scope\",\"Path\",\"Options\",\"ClassPath\",\"*Properties\",\"Qualifiers\"<\/p>\n

$os = get-wmiobject win32_operatingsystem |
\nSelect * -ExcludeProperty $exclude | ConvertTo-HashTable -NoEmpty<\/p>\n

$cs = get-wmiobject win32_computersystem |
\nSelect * -ExcludeProperty $exclude | ConvertTo-HashTable -NoEmpty<\/p>\n

$final = [pscustomobject](Join-Hashtable $os $cs -Force)
\n<\/code><\/p>\n

This gets all properties from the 2 WMI classes, except for the exceptions, that have a value. I then combine the two and create a new object. If there are any conflicts the $os hashtable will \"win\".<\/p>\n

I'm sure there are other situations where you might want to convert objects to hashtables, or join hashtables. I hope you'll let me know how you use these tools. In the meantime, download Join-Hashtable<\/a>. It should work in PowerShell 2.0 or 3.0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I received a lot of feedback and interest in my ConvertTo-Hashtable function. One question I received was “Why?” Well, one reason might be that you want to combine two objects into a single object. Joining them as two hashtables makes this an easier process. 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