{"id":6905,"date":"2019-11-07T10:51:56","date_gmt":"2019-11-07T15:51:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=6905"},"modified":"2019-11-07T10:52:03","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T15:52:03","slug":"creating-a-powershell-backup-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/6905\/creating-a-powershell-backup-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Creating a PowerShell Backup System"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you follow me on Twitter<\/a>, you know that I have a monthly tweet reminder about running and testing backups. I have to say that the concept of a backup is different today than it was when I started in IT. Now we have cheap disk storage and cloud services. In some ways, our data is constantly being backed up. This is true even for me. I use a number of cloud services to save and synchronize data across multiple devices. For the longest time, I didn't think about any sort of formal backup strategy. But perhaps I'm getting a bit more cautious in my old age. Or maybe paranoid. Lately, I've started worrying about something<\/em> happening locally that commits bad<\/strong> data to to my cloud services. It doesn't really matter what causes the problem only that I might end up synching corrupted or bad data to the cloud. I need to be better prepared. Because I'm a PowerShell guy, I need a PowerShell backup system.<\/p>\n

I'd like to think I take reasonable precautions. I run ESET Internet Security<\/a> on my systems. I visit dubious web sites. I keep up to date with patches and updates. I've even setup backup of key folders using Windows 10 tools. However, I like having options. Over the last week of so I've been building a PowerShell-based backup solution. Perhaps this isn't something you need, but you might find some of the techniques I'm using helpful in your own related work.<\/p>\n

Baseline Backups<\/h2>\n

My backup approach follows a traditional model of a full backups followed by daily incremental backups. I have a Synology NAS device<\/a> on my local network that I already use as a backup source. I created archive files of key folders using a naming convention of YearMonthDay_identifier_FULL<\/strong>. It doesn't really matter what tool you use to create the archive. I use WinRar so I end up with a file like 20191101_scripts-FULL.rar<\/em>. I started out trying to use Compress-Archive<\/strong> but it has a known limitation when it comes to hidden files and folders. And since I wanted to backup my git projects as well, I had to turn to something else. I suppose I could skip these items since I push to GitHub. But not every local project is on GitHub. Regardless, I may have other work to backup that might include a hidden file so Compress-Archive is not an option. In a future post, I'll share the PowerShell code I'm using to run WinRar.<\/p>\n

Watching For Files<\/h2>\n

The major step in my backup process is deciding what files to backup incrementally. For that I decided to turn to the .NET System.IO.FileSystemWatcher and an event subscription. Here's a sample of how this works. First, I create an instance of the FileSystemWatcher.<\/p>\n

$path=\"C:\\work\\\"\n\n#define the watcher object\n$watcher=[System.IO.FileSystemWatcher]($path)\n$watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = $True\n#enable the watcher\n$watcher.EnableRaisingEvents=$True\n<\/pre>\n
Be sure to enable the watcher to watch for subfolders. I missed that the first time and couldn't figure out why not all my changes were being detected.<\/p>\n
\"the<\/a><\/p>\n
You can see that by default this will watch for all files (*.*) which is fine for my purposes. Eventually you'll see how I perform additional filtering.\u00a0 Next I create the event subscriber using Register-ObjectEvent<\/a>.<\/p>\n
$params = @{\n InputObject = $watcher \n Eventname = \"Changed\" \n SourceIdentifier = \"WorkChange\" \n MessageData = \"A file was created or changed\" \n}\n\nRegister-ObjectEvent @params\n<\/pre>\n
The possible options for EventName when using the FileSystemWatcher are Changed,Created, and Deleted. Technically, there is a Renamed event, but I've never worked with that. Use the Get-EventSubscriber<\/a> cmdlet to view the subscription.<\/p>\n
\"the<\/a><\/p>\n
When I created this subscription, every time a file is changed (or created) in C:\\Work, I'll get an event. You can see these events with Get-Event<\/a>.<\/p>\n
\"a<\/a><\/p>\n
Information about the file is stored in the SourceEventArgs property.<\/p>\n
\"event<\/a><\/p>\n
If I needed to watch C:\\Work for backup, I would know to include this file.<\/p>\n
Getting Results<\/h2>\n
As long as this PowerShell session is running the event subscriber will capture changes. Later in the day, I can get a list of all files ready to be backed up.<\/p>\n
(Get-Event).sourceEventArgs.fullpath | Select-Object -unique | Where-Object { Test-Path $_}\n<\/pre>\n
I'm filtering for unique paths because sometimes a file change might fire multiple events for the same file. Or I might change a file several times throughout the day. I might also delete a file which is why I'm testing the path.<\/p>\n
\"processing<\/a><\/p>\n
I can funnel these files to my backup routine to create an incremental archive.<\/p>\n
Next Steps<\/h2>\n
But there are limitations with what I've demonstrated thus far. If I close PowerShell, I lose the event subscriber. By the way, you can use Unregister-Event<\/a> to manually remove the event subscriber. I also have multiple folders I want to monitor. Next time, I'll show you how I setup a PowerShell scheduled job to handle my daily monitoring needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
If you follow me on Twitter, you know that I have a monthly tweet reminder about running and testing backups. I have to say that the concept of a backup is different today than it was when I started in IT. Now we have cheap disk storage and cloud services. In some ways, our data…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"New on the blog: Creating a #PowerShell Backup System","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[201,534,540],"class_list":["post-6905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-powershell","tag-backup","tag-powershell","tag-scripting"],"yoast_head":"\nCreating a PowerShell Backup System • The Lonely Administrator<\/title>\n<meta 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You can find all of my recent posts here.","rel":"","context":"In "PowerShell"","block_context":{"text":"PowerShell","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/category\/powershell\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6962,"url":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/6962\/creating-a-powershell-backup-system-part-4\/","url_meta":{"origin":6905,"position":2},"title":"Creating a PowerShell Backup System – Part 4","author":"Jeffery Hicks","date":"November 12, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"We're almost to the end of my PowerShell backup system. Last time I showed you how I handle my daily incremental backups. Today I figured I should circle back and go over how I handle weekly full backups. 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