{"id":6962,"date":"2019-11-12T11:35:08","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T16:35:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=6962"},"modified":"2019-11-12T11:35:16","modified_gmt":"2019-11-12T16:35:16","slug":"creating-a-powershell-backup-system-part-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/6962\/creating-a-powershell-backup-system-part-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Creating a PowerShell Backup System – Part 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

We're almost to the end of my PowerShell backup system. Last time<\/a> I showed you how I handle my daily incremental backups. Today I figured I should circle back and go over how I handle weekly full backups. Remember, I am only concerned about backing up a handful of critical folders. I've saved that list to a file which I can update at any time should I need to start backing up something else.<\/p>\n

The PowerShell Scheduled Job<\/h2>\n

Let's start by looking at the code I use to setup a PowerShell scheduled job that runs every Friday night 10:00PM. I save the code in a script file so I can recreate the job if I need to.<\/p>\n

#create weekly full backups\n\n$trigger = New-JobTrigger -At 10:00PM -DaysOfWeek Friday -WeeksInterval 1 -Weekly\n$jobOpt = New-ScheduledJobOption -RunElevated -RequireNetwork -WakeToRun\n\n$params = @{\n FilePath = \"C:\\scripts\\WeeklyFullBackup.ps1\"\n Name = \"WeeklyFullBackup\" \n Trigger = $trigger \n ScheduledJobOption = $jobOpt \n MaxResultCount = 5 \n Credential = \"$env:computername\\jeff\"\n}\nRegister-ScheduledJob @params\n<\/pre>\n
One thing I want to point out is that instead of defining a scriptblock I'm specifying a file path.  This way I can adjust the script all I want without having to recreate or modify the scheduled job. Granted, since I have this in a script file it isn't that difficult but I don't like having to touch something that is working if I don't have to. I'm including a credential because part of my task will include copying the backup archive files to my Synology NAS device.<\/p>\n
The Backup Control Script<\/h2>\n
The script that the scheduled job invokes is pretty straightforward.  It has to process the list of directories and backup each folder to a RAR file.  I'm using WinRar for my archiving solution. You can substitute your own backup or archiving code. I have some variations I'll save in future articles. Each archive file is then moved to my NAS device. Now that I think of it, I should probably add some code to also send a copy to one of my cloud drives like OneDrive.<\/p>\n
Here's the complete script.<\/p>\n
#requires -version 5.1\n\n[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]\nParam()\n\nIf (Test-Path -Path c:\\scripts\\mybackupPaths.txt) {\n\n    #filter out blanks and commented lines\n    $paths = Get-Content c:\\scripts\\mybackupPaths.txt | Where-Object { $_ -match \"(^[^#]\\S*)\" -and $_ -notmatch \"^\\s+$\" }\n   \n    #import my custom module\n    Import-Module C:\\scripts\\PSRAR\\Dev-PSRar.psm1 -force\n   \n    $paths | ForEach-Object {\n\n        if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($_)) {\n            Try {\n                #invoke a control script using my custom module\n                C:\\scripts\\RarBackup.ps1 -Path $_ -Verbose -ErrorAction Stop\n                $ok = $True\n            }\n            Catch {\n                $ok = $False\n                Write-Warning $_.exception.message\n            }\n        }\n\n        #clear corresponding incremental log files\n        $name = ((Split-Path $_ -Leaf).replace(' ', ''))\n        #specify the directory for the CSV log files\n        $log = \"D:\\Backup\\{0}-log.csv\" -f $name\n\n        if ($OK -AND (Test-Path $log) -AND ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($log, \"Clear Log\"))) {\n            Remove-Item -path $log\n        }\n    }\n}\nelse {\n    Write-Warning \"Failed to find c:\\scripts\\mybackupPaths.txt\"\n}\n<\/pre>\n
The RarBackup.ps1 script is what does the actual archiving and copying to the NAS.<\/p>\n
The Backup Script<\/h2>\n
This file invokes my RAR commands to create the archive and copy it to the NAS. I have code using Get-FileHash to validate the file copy is successful.<\/p>\n
#requires -version 5.1\n\n[cmdletbinding(SupportsShouldProcess)]\nParam(\n    [Parameter(Mandatory)]\n    [ValidateScript( { Test-Path $_ })]\n    [string]$Path,\n    [ValidateScript( { Test-Path $_ })]\n    #my temporary work area with plenty of disk space\n    [string]$TempPath = \"D:\\Temp\",\n    [ValidateSet(\"FULL\", \"INCREMENTAL\")]\n    [string]$Type = \"FULL\"\n)\n\nWrite-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Starting $($myinvocation.MyCommand)\"\nif (-Not (Get-Module Dev-PSRar)) {\n    Import-Module C:\\scripts\\PSRAR\\Dev-PSRar.psm1 -force\n}\n\n#replace spaces in path names\n$name = \"{0}_{1}-{2}.rar\" -f (Get-Date -format \"yyyyMMdd\"), (Split-Path -Path $Path -Leaf).replace(' ', ''), $Type\n$target = Join-Path -Path $TempPath -ChildPath $name\n\n#I have hard coded my NAS backup. Would be better as a parameter with a default value.\n$nasPath = Join-Path -Path \\\\DS416\\backup -ChildPath $name\nWrite-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Archiving $path to $target\"\n\nif ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($Path)) {\n    #Create the RAR archive -you can use any archiving technique you want\n    Add-RARContent -path $Path -Archive $target -CompressionLevel 5 -Comment \"$Type backup of $(($Path).ToUpper()) from $env:Computername\"\n\n    Write-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Copying $target to $nasPath\"\n    Try {\n        #copy the RAR file to the NAS for offline storage\n        Copy-Item -Path $target -Destination $NASPath -ErrorAction Stop\n    }\n    Catch {\n        Write-Warning \"Failed to copy $target. $($_.exception.message)\"\n        Throw $_\n    }\n    #verify the file was copied successfully\n    Write-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Validating file hash\"\n\n    $here = Get-FileHash $Target\n    $there = Get-FileHash $nasPath\n    if ($here.hash -eq $there.hash) {\n        #delete the file if the hashes match\n        Write-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Deleting $target\"\n        Remove-Item $target\n    }\n    else {\n        Write-Warning \"File hash difference detected.\"\n        Throw \"File hash difference detected\"\n    }\n}\n\nWrite-Verbose \"[$(Get-Date)] Ending $($myinvocation.MyCommand)\"\n\n#end of script file\n<\/pre>\n
Structurally, I could have put all of this code into a single PowerShell script. But I like a more modular approach so that I can re-use scripts or commands. Or if I need to revise something I don't have to worry about breaking a monolithic script.<\/p>\n
Reporting<\/h2>\n
The last step I want to share is reporting. I don't worry too much about checking the results of scheduled jobs. All I need to do is check my backup folder for my archive files. Because my backup archives follow a standard naming convention, I can use regular expressions to match on the file name. I use this control script to see my backup archives.<\/p>\n
# requires -version 5.1\n\n[cmdletbinding()]\nParam(\n    [Parameter(Position = 0, HelpMessage = \"Enter the path with extension of the backup files.\")]\n    [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]\n    [ValidateScript( { Test-Path $_ })]\n    [string]$Path = \"\\\\ds416\\backup\",\n    [Parameter(HelpMessage = \"Get backup files only with no formatted output.\")]\n    [Switch]$Raw\n)\n\n<#\n A regular expression pattern to match on backup file name with named captures\n to be used in adding some custom properties. My backup names are like:\n\n  20191101_Scripts-FULL.rar\n  20191107_Scripts-INCREMENTAL.rar\n\n  #>\n[regex]$rx = \"^20\\d{6}_(?<set>\\w+)-(?<type>\\w+)\\.rar$\"\n\n<#\nI am doing so 'pre-filtering' on the file extension and then using the regular\nexpression filter to fine tune the results\n#>\n$files = Get-ChildItem -path $Path -filter *.rar | Where-Object { $rx.IsMatch($_.name) }\n\n#add some custom properties to be used with formatted results based on named captures\nforeach ($item in $files) {\n    $setpath = $rx.matches($item.name).groups[1].value\n    $settype = $rx.matches($item.name).groups[2].value\n\n    $item | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SetPath -Value $setpath\n    $item | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name SetType -Value $setType\n}\n\nif ($raw) {\n    $Files\n}\nelse {\n    $files | Sort-Object SetPath, SetType, LastWriteTime | Format-Table -GroupBy SetPath -Property LastWriteTime, Length, Name\n}\n<\/pre>\n
The default behavior is to show formatted output.<\/p>\n
\"my<\/a><\/p>\n
Normally, you would never want to include Format cmdlets in your code. But in this case, I am using a script to give me a result I want without having to do a lot of typing. That's why this is a script and not a function. With this in mind, the control script also has a -Raw parameter which writes the file objects to the pipeline.<\/p>\n
\"raw<\/a><\/p>\n
My weekly backup script deletes the incremental files. For now, I will manually remove older full backups. Although I could add code to only keep the last 5 full backups.<\/p>\n
This system is still new and I'm constantly tweaking and adding new tools. I don't feel that I can turn this into a complete, standalone PowerShell module given that I have written my code for me and my network. But there should be enough of my code that you can utilize to create your own solution. I have some other backup ideas and techniques I'll share with you another time. In the mean time, I'd love to hear what you think about all of this.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
We’re almost to the end of my PowerShell backup system. Last time I showed you how I handle my daily incremental backups. Today I figured I should circle back and go over how I handle weekly full backups. Remember, I am only concerned about backing up a handful of critical folders. I’ve saved that list…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Just posted: Creating a #PowerShell Backup System - Part 4","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[201,534,540],"class_list":["post-6962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-powershell","tag-backup","tag-powershell","tag-scripting"],"yoast_head":"\nCreating a PowerShell Backup System - Part 4 • The Lonely Administrator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I wrap up my series on creating a PowerShell backup system be explaining how I handle my full backups plus a reporting control script.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/6962\/creating-a-powershell-backup-system-part-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Creating a PowerShell Backup System - 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