{"id":7101,"date":"2019-12-18T10:06:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-18T15:06:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/?p=7101"},"modified":"2019-12-18T10:06:51","modified_gmt":"2019-12-18T15:06:51","slug":"converting-lexical-timespans-with-powershell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/7101\/converting-lexical-timespans-with-powershell\/","title":{"rendered":"Converting Lexical Timespans with PowerShell"},"content":{"rendered":"

I've been working on a few scripting projects and the data I'm working with contains lexical timespans. Say what? You have probably seen these things. This is a string like P0DT0H0M47S to represents a timespan. They aren't difficult for humans to read. This one says \"0 days 0 hours 0 minutes 47 seconds\". The format is how timespans, or durations, are stored in XML files. You can read more about this at https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-2\/#duration<\/a>. But I want to see these value as more PowerShell-friendly timespans. Turns out, this is actually very easy.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

One place you can see these values is with scheduled tasks in Windows.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a><\/p>\n

I know PT72H represents a 72 hour timespan. To convert this into a timespan object is simple. Once you know how and in a second you will. You can use a built-in XML method to convert the value.<\/p>\n

[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan(\"PT72H\")\n<\/pre>\n
\"image\"<\/a><\/p>\n
And sure enough, this is 72 hours or 3 days. What about converting the other way?<\/p>\n
$ts = New-TimeSpan -hours 72\n[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToString($ts)\n<\/pre>\n
\"Converting<\/a><\/p>\n
The string is admittedly different, but it still represents 72 hours.<\/p>\n
The process is simple, but I still wrote a pair of PowerShell advanced functions to handle these tasks.<\/p>\n
Function ConvertTo-LexicalTimespan {\n    [cmdletbinding()]\n    [OutputType(\"String\")]\n    Param(\n        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory,HelpMessage = \"Enter a timespan object\", ValueFromPipeline)]\n        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]\n        [timespan]$Timespan\n    )\n    Begin {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) BEGIN  ] Starting $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"\n\n    } #begin\n\n    Process {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) PROCESS] Converting $Timespan\"\n        Try {\n            [System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToString($Timespan)\n        }\n        Catch {\n            Throw $_\n        }\n    } #process\n\n    End {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) END    ] Ending $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"\n    } #end\n\n} #close ConvertTo-LexicalTimespan\n\nFunction ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan {\n    [cmdletbinding()]\n    [OutputType(\"string\", \"timespan\")]\n    Param(\n        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory, HelpMessage = \"Enter a lexical time string like P23DT3H43M. This is case-sensitive.\", ValueFromPipeline)]\n        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]\n        [string]$String,\n        [Parameter(HelpMessage = \"Format the timespan as a string\")]\n        [switch]$AsString\n    )\n    Begin {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) BEGIN  ] Starting $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"\n    } #begin\n\n    Process {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) PROCESS] Converting $($String.toUpper()) to a timespan\"\n        Try {\n            #convert string to upper case to help the user out\n            $r = [System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan($String.ToUpper())\n            if ($AsString) {\n                Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) PROCESS] Displaying as a timespan string\"\n                $r.toString()\n            }\n            else {\n                $r\n            }\n        }\n        Catch {\n            Throw $_\n        }\n    } #process\n\n    End {\n        Write-Verbose \"[$((Get-Date).TimeofDay) END    ] Ending $($myinvocation.mycommand)\"\n    } #end\n\n} #close ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan\n<\/pre>\n
Let's see how these work.<\/p>\n
Here's another raw example.<\/p>\n
\"Lexical<\/a><\/p>\n
Or I can use code like this:<\/p>\n
(get-scheduledtask dailywatcher).settings.idlesettings | \nselect-object @{Name=\"Idle\";Expression={ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.idleDuration}},\n@{Name=\"Wait\";Expression={ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.WaitTimeout}}\n<\/pre>\n
\"Converted<\/a><\/p>\n
Now, I have more meaningful output.<\/p>\n
Here's one final example using Get-WsManInstance<\/a> to show connected pssessions.<\/p>\n
\"Result<\/a><\/p>\n
But I think you'll agree that using this code produces a better result.<\/p>\n
Get-WSManInstance -ComputerName DOM1 -ResourceURI Shell -Enumerate | \n Select-Object -Property ResourceURI,Owner,ClientIP,\n @{Name=\"ShellRunTime\";Expression = {ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.ShellRunTime}},\n @{Name=\"ShellInactivity\";Expression = {ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.ShellInactivity}},\n @{Name=\"IdleTimeOut\";Expression = {ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.IdleTimeOut}},\n @{Name=\"MaxIdleTimeOut\";Expression = {ConvertFrom-LexicalTimespan $_.MaxIdleTimeOut}},\n @{Name=\"Computername\";Expression={\"DOM1\"}}\n<\/pre>\n
\"Properly<\/a><\/p>\n
This is code I would put into a function to create meaningful output to the PowerShell pipeline. Or if I wanted something more interactive, I could use my PSTypeExtensionTools<\/a> module and create extensions.<\/p>\n
$t = \"System.Xml.XmlElement#http:\/\/schemas.microsoft.com\/wbem\/wsman\/1\/windows\/shell#Shell\"\n$t | Add-PSTypeExtension -MemberType ScriptProperty -MemberName ShellRun -Value {[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan($this.ShellRunTime) }\n$t | Add-PSTypeExtension -MemberType ScriptProperty -MemberName ShellInactive -Value {[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan($this.ShellInactivity) }\n$t | Add-PSTypeExtension -MemberType ScriptProperty -MemberName Idle -Value {[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan($this.IdleTimeout) }\n$t | Add-PSTypeExtension -MemberType ScriptProperty -MemberName MaxIdle -Value {[System.Xml.XmlConvert]::ToTimeSpan($this.MaxIdleTimeout) }\n<\/pre>\n
This makes it easier to run the command and select the new properties.<\/p>\n
\"Using<\/a><\/p>\n
Or I could create a custom format view. But I'll leave that exercise for you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
I’ve been working on a few scripting projects and the data I’m working with contains lexical timespans. Say what? You have probably seen these things. This is a string like P0DT0H0M47S to represents a timespan. They aren’t difficult for humans to read. This one says “0 days 0 hours 0 minutes 47 seconds”. The format…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Now on the blog: Converting Lexical Timespans with #PowerShell","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4,8],"tags":[534,126,206],"class_list":["post-7101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-powershell","category-scripting","tag-powershell","tag-timespan","tag-xml"],"yoast_head":"\nConverting Lexical Timespans with PowerShell • The Lonely Administrator<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Let me show you how and why you might want to convert a lexical duration like P0DT1H6M30S into a PowerShell friendly timespan object.,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jdhitsolutions.com\/blog\/powershell\/7101\/converting-lexical-timespans-with-powershell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Converting Lexical Timespans with PowerShell • The Lonely Administrator\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Let me show you how and why you might want to convert a lexical duration like P0DT1H6M30S into a PowerShell friendly timespan object.,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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